Bioinformatics analysis and identification of genes and molecular pathways in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Background: Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common hip joint disease and is difficult to be diagnosed early. At present, the pathogenesis of steroid-induced ONFH remains unclear, and recognized and effective diagnostic biomarkers are deficient. The present study aimed to identify potentially important genes and signaling pathways involved in steroid-induced ONFH and investigate their molecular mechanisms.
Methods: Microarray data sets GSE123568 (peripheral blood) and GSE74089 (cartilage) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 34 ONFH samples and 14 control samples.
Morpheus software and Venn diagram were used to identify DEGs and co-expressed DEGs, respectively. Besides, we conducted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genome (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) pathway enrichment analysis. We construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network through GEO2R and used cytoHubba to divide the PPI network into multiple sub-networks.
Additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to verify the bioinformatics analysis results.
Results: A total of 118 intersecting DEGs were obtained between the peripheral blood and cartilage samples, including 40 upregulated genes and 78 downregulated genes.
Then, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that upregulated DEGs focused on the signaling pathways related to staphylococcus aureus infection, leishmaniasis, antigen processing, and presentation, as well as asthma and graft-versus-host disease.
Downregulated genes were concentrated in the FoxO signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, signaling pathway regulating stem cell pluripotency, and mTOR signaling pathway. Some hub genes with high interactions such as CXCR1, FPR1, MAPK1, FOXO3, FPR2, CXCR2, and TYROBP were identified in the PPI network.
The results of qRT-PCR demonstrated that CXCR1, FPR1, and TYROBP were upregulated while MAPK1 was downregulated in peripheral blood of steroid-induced ONFH patients. This was consistent with the bioinformatics analysis.
Conclusions: The present study would provide novel insight into the genes and associated pathways involved in steroid-induced ONFH. CXCR1, FPR1, TYROBP, and MAPK1 may be used as potential drug targets and biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of steroid-induced ONFH.
The impact of cross-kingdom molecular forensics on genetic privacy
Recent advances in metagenomic technology and computational prediction may inadvertently weaken an individual’s reasonable expectation of privacy. Through cross-kingdom genetic and metagenomic forensics, we can already predict at least a dozen human phenotypes with varying degrees of accuracy.
There is also growing potential to detect a “molecular echo” of an individual’s microbiome from cells deposited on public surfaces. At present, host genetic data from somatic or germ cells provide more reliable information than microbiome samples.
However, the emerging ability to infer personal details from different microscopic biological materials left behind on surfaces requires in-depth ethical and legal scrutiny. There is potential to identify and track individuals, along with new, surreptitious means of genetic discrimination.
This commentary underscores the need to update legal and policy frameworks for genetic privacy with additional considerations for the information that could be acquired from microbiome-derived data. The article also aims to stimulate ubiquitous discourse to ensure the protection of genetic rights and liberties in the post-genomic era.
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Cystatin C from Human. This Cystatin C antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen recombinant protein of Cystatin C of CST3
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Cystatin C from Human. This Cystatin C antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen recombinant protein of Cystatin C of CST3
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Cystatin C from Human. This Cystatin C antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen recombinant protein of Cystatin C of CST3
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Cystatin C from Human. This Cystatin C antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen recombinant protein of Cystatin C of CST3
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Cystatin C from Human. This Cystatin C antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen recombinant protein of Cystatin C of CST3
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Cystatin C from Human. This Cystatin C antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen recombinant protein of Cystatin C of CST3
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Cystatin C from Human. This Cystatin C antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen recombinant protein of Cystatin C of CST3
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Cystatin C from Human. This Cystatin C antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen recombinant protein of Cystatin C of CST3
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Cystatin C from Human. This Cystatin C antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen recombinant protein of Cystatin C of CST3
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Cystatin C from Human. This Cystatin C antibody is for WB, IF, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen recombinant protein of Cystatin C of CST3
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Cystatin C from Human. This Cystatin C antibody is for WB, IF, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen recombinant protein of Cystatin C of CST3
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Cystatin C from Human. This Cystatin C antibody is for WB, IF, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen recombinant protein of Cystatin C of CST3
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Cystatin C from Human. This Cystatin C antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen recombinant protein of Cystatin C of CST3
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Cystatin C from Human. This Cystatin C antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen recombinant protein of Cystatin C of CST3
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Cystatin C from Human. This Cystatin C antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen recombinant protein of Cystatin C of CST3
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human CSTB / Cystatin B / Stefin B (clone M2F1). The antibodies are raised in Mouse and are from clone M2F1. This antibody is applicable in WB and IHC-P, IF, E
Monoclonal CSTB / Cystatin B / Stefin B Antibody (clone M1-C1), Clone: M1-C1
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human CSTB / Cystatin B / Stefin B (clone M1-C1). The antibodies are raised in Mouse and are from clone M1-C1. This antibody is applicable in WB and IHC-P, E
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Cystatin S(CST4) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Cystatin S(CST4) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Cystatin S(CST4) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Cystatin 4 (CST4) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.
×
Integrated bioinformatic analysis reveals the underlying molecular mechanism of and potential drugs for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating cardiovascular disease without a clear mechanism or drugs for treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism and identify potential drugs for PAH. In this study, we first integrated three human lung tissue datasets (GSE113439, GSE53408, GSE117261) from GEO.
A total of 151 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, followed by KEGG and GO enrichment analyses and PPI network construction. Five hub genes (CSF3R, NT5E, ANGPT2, FGF7, and CXCL9) were identified by Cytoscape (Cytohubba). GSEA and GSVA were performed for each hub gene to uncover the potential mechanism.
Moreover, to repurpose known and therapeutic drugs, the CMap database was retrieved, and nine candidate compounds (lypressin, ruxolitinib, triclabendazole, L-BSO, tiaprofenic acid, AT-9283, QL-X-138, huperzine-a, and L-741742) with a high level of confidence were obtained. Then ruxolitinib was selected to perform molecular docking simulations with ANGPT2, FGF7, NT5E, CSF3R, JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2.
A certain concentration of ruxolitinib could inhibit the proliferation and migration of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (rPASMCs) in vitro. Together, these analyses principally identified CSF3R, NT5E, ANGPT2, FGF7 and CXCL9 as candidate biomarkers of PAH, and ruxolitinib might exert promising therapeutic action for PAH.
Epimutations define a fast-ticking Molecular clocks in plants
Stochastic gains and losses of DNA methylation at CG dinucleotides are a frequent occurrence in plants. These spontaneous ‘epimutations’ occur at a rate that is 100 000 times higher than the genetic mutation rate, are effectively neutral at the genome-wide scale, and are stably inherited across mitotic and meiotic cell divisions.
Mathematical models have been extraordinarily successful at describing how epimutations accumulate in plant genomes over time, making this process one of the most predictable epigenetic phenomena to date.
Here, we propose that their high rate and effective neutrality make epimutations a powerful new molecular clock for timing evolutionary events of the recent past and for age dating of long-lived perennials such as trees.
Application of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging in differential diagnosis and molecular subtype analysis of breast cancer
Objective: To explore the application of incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) in the differential diagnosis and molecular subtype analysis of breast cancer.
Methods: The clinical data of 225 patients with breast masses were selected, including breast cancers (n = 135) and benign breast tumors (n = 90). According to pathological results, breast cancers were divided into four subtypes:
Luminal A (n = 24), Luminal B (n = 57), HER-2-overexpression (n = 27) and triple-negative breast cancers (n = 27). The patients were detected by IVIM-DWI, and then the average diffusion coefficient (ADC), perfusion fraction (f) value, true dispersion coefficient (D) value and false dispersion coefficient (D*) value were compared and analyzed. The above index were used to identify breast cancer and its molecular subtypes by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Results: The ADC, D and D*-value in breast cancer group were significantly lower than those in benign tumor group, while the f-value in breast cancer group was higher than that in benign tumor group (P<0.001); The ADC, D, D*, f-value and the combination of four have high diagnostic value in breast cancer; The D-value in PR-positive group was higher than that in the PR-negative group, while it was lower in PR-positive group (P<0.05), and the ADC, D and D*-value in the ER-positive group were significantly lower than those in the ER-negative group (P<0.001);
The f-value in HER-2 positive group was higher than that in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) negative group (P<0.001); The ADC and D-value of Ki-67 high-expression was lower than those of Ki-67 low-expression, while the D-value of Ki-67 high-expression was higher than that of Ki-67 low expression group (P<0.05); The ADC, D, D*, f-value and the combination of four have high diagnostic value in triple negative breast cancer.
Conclusion: IVIM-DWI technology has a significant value in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors, and the relevant parameters of IVIM-DWI technology have definite value in the differential diagnosis of breast cancer molecular typing.
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human ITGB1 / Integrin Beta 1 / CD29. The antibodies are raised in Mouse. This antibody is applicable in WB and IHC-P, E, IP, IHC-Fr, Flo
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human ITGB1 / Integrin Beta 1 / CD29 (FITC). The antibodies are raised in Mouse. This antibody is applicable in IHC-P, Flo
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human ITGB4 / Integrin Beta 4 (clone 439-9B). The antibodies are raised in Rat and are from clone 439-9B. This antibody is applicable in WB and IHC-P, IHC-Fr, Flo
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human CD18 / Integrin beta-2 (ITGB2) - With BSA and Azide. The antibodies are raised in Mouse and are from clone 68-5A5. This antibody is applicable in IF, FC
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human CD18 / Integrin beta-2 (ITGB2) - Without BSA and Azide. The antibodies are raised in Mouse and are from clone 68-5A5. This antibody is applicable in IF, FC
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human ITGB1 / Integrin Beta 1 / CD29 (aa34-141, clone K2D5). The antibodies are raised in Mouse and are from clone K2D5. This antibody is applicable in WB and IHC-P, E
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human ITGB1 / Integrin Beta 1 / CD29 (clone 4B7R, Azide-free). The antibodies are raised in Mouse and are from clone 4B7R. This antibody is applicable in WB and IHC-P, Flo
